An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis reveals pH 7.28, PaCO2 32 mmHg, and HCO3- 15 mEq/L. The nurse calculates an anion gap of 18 mEq/L. Which underlying clinical condition is most consistent with these laboratory findings?
The low pH and low bicarbonate indicate metabolic acidosis. The reduced PaCO2 is consistent with respiratory compensation: Winter's formula gives an expected PaCO2 of 1.5 x 15 + 8 = 30.5 mmHg, plus or minus 2. An anion gap of 18 supports high-anion-gap acidosis, and DKA is the best match among the options.